Later in 1982, the spike became the common rail fasteners and until now, it is still the most common rail fasteners in North America. On the basis of using heavy and expensive cast iron chairs to secure T-shaped rails in that period, Stevens added a supporting base to the T rail which could be fixed with a simple spike. The railway spike was invented with the influence of the state of industrialisation in the US in the early 19th century. In the past days, the rail spikes were driven into sleepers with a heavy hammer by hand. In 1832, Robert Livingston Stevens invented the first railroad spike and it is the first record use of the railroad spike. The railroad spike, with an offset head, is mostly used to secure rails and base plates to railroad ties in the track. They are assembled with other components as independent units, which can be fixed as a whole and can also offer under controlled vertical, longitudinal, and transverse forces to avoid excessive displacement. In the current time, there are various types of railway fasteners in the global market, such as some widely and mainly used railway fasteners: VOSSLOH W type in Germany, FAST CLIP in UK, STEDEF NABLA fastener, PANDROL E type fastener, pr type fastener, and RN fastener in France. What’s more, the good elasticity and insulating property also help rail fasteners do well in gauge adjusting. And it is also used to fix the correct position of tracks to prevent the horizontal and vertical displacement as well as the rollover. It can ensure the operation of rail transportation through connecting track rails with rail ties and rail sleepers. So if the quality of the railway fish plate is poor, the caused consequence would be unimaginable.Īmong the components of rail track, the railroad fasteners are an important part. The railway fish plate is an important connection between two rails. And every two fish plates mostly need four or six suits of fish bolt. It is consist of fish bolt, flat washer and spring washer. In general, fish bolts are always firstly chosen in the part of fastening. It is mostly used in light rail, heavy rail and crane rail. Asking them to present constructive feedback to each other so that they can improve their group's performance during the next lesson.Railway fish plate, also called rail joint bar or splice bar, is a metal bar bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together.Having one student score the performance of another using the colored brick scale above.Violet: I've used and adjusted some of the programming stacks to navigate the first and second maps, and have used comments in my program.Įncourage your students to provide feedback to others by:.Yellow: I've used and adjusted some of the programming stacks to navigate the first and second maps.Blue: I've used some of the programming stacks to navigate the first map.Have each student choose the brick that they feel best represents their performance. Students can give proper attribution to the original program they've used.
TRACK SPIKE DRAWING CODE
Students can repurpose code to suit their needs.Students can recognize simple patterns like horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines.Use the following success criteria to evaluate your students' progress: You can use the assessment rubrics provided to simplify the process.Ĭreate a scale that matches your needs, for example:.Give feedback on each student's performance.Don't forget to leave some time for cleanup.Give your students time to work through a second program, making sure they're reusing their code but adjusting parameters along the way.Highlight that they can reuse the existing programming blocks. Ask your students to combine the programming stacks into a single program that follows the path on the paper.Ask them to play the programming stacks to make sure everything works.
TRACK SPIKE DRAWING HOW TO
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